Characteristic | Total sample (N = 450) n (%) |
---|---|
Demographics | |
Maternal age* | Â |
 Mean (SD) | 38.42 (4.478) |
Marital status* | Â |
 Married/common-law | 421 (93.6) |
 Single, divorced, or separated | 29 (6.4) |
Education* | Â |
 Completed post-secondary | 334 (74.2) |
 Less than post-secondary | 116 (25.8) |
Household income* | Â |
 Less than $60,000 | 52 (11.6) |
 $60,000 or more | 397 (88.4) |
Ethnicity** | Â |
 White/Caucasian | 394 (87.6) |
 Other | 56 (12.4) |
Number of children in household* | Â |
 One to two children | 298 (66.2) |
 Three or more children | 152 (33.8) |
History of demographic risk: less than 25Â years old, less than $40,000 income, single, high school education or less, or moved 2 or more times in the past 2Â years** | Â |
 Yes | 55 (12.2) |
 No | 395 (87.8) |
Current demographic risk: less than $40,000 income, single, or food/expense instability* | Â |
 Yes | 110 (24.5) |
 No | 339 (75.5) |
Child Characteristics | |
Gender** | Â |
 Girl | 228 (52.2) |
 Boy | 209 (47.8) |
Preterm infant** | Â |
 Yes | 22 (5.0) |
 No | 414 (95.0) |
General health* | Â |
 Excellent, very good, or good | 441 (98.2) |
 Fair or poor | 8 (1.8) |
BMI status* | Â |
 Underweight | 39 (9.7) |
 Healthy | 297 (74.1) |
 Overweight/obese | 65 (16.2) |
Number of health problems as told by health professional* | Â |
 No health problems | 278 (61.8) |
 At least one health problem | 172 (38.2) |
High externalizing behaviour (scored ≥ 80th percentile)* |  |
 Yes | 114 (25.6) |
 No | 332 (74.4) |
High internalizing behaviour (scored ≥ 80th percentile)* |  |
 Yes | 132 (29.5) |
 No | 315 (70.5) |
Low prosocial behaviour (scored ≤ 20th percentile)* |  |
 Yes | 116 (25.9) |
 No | 332 (74.1) |
Referral to at least one of early intervention program, speech or language pathologist, developmental pediatrician, psychologist, physiotherapist, or dietician at 3Â years or 5Â years** | Â |
 Yes | 123 (27.3) |
 No | 327 (72.7) |
PEDS Path A at 3Â years or 5Â years of age** | Â |
 Yes | 83 (21.8) |
 No | 297 (78.2) |
Maternal Characteristics | |
History of mental health risk: abuse (prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy, 6–8 weeks postpartum), depression (prior to pregnancy), suicide (prior to pregnancy), poor social support (first trimester), poor network orientation (first trimester), poor emotional health (first trimester)** |  |
 Yes | 211 (46.9) |
 No | 239 (53.1) |
Mental health risk at CPC3Year: abuse, depression (6+ months postpartum), poor social support, poor emotional health** | Â |
 Yes | 81 (18.0) |
 No | 369 (82.0) |
Current mental health risk: low social support, poor emotional health, or unstable spouse/partner events in the past 12Â months* | Â |
 Yes | 138 (31.2) |
 No | 305 (68.8) |
Low positive parenting interaction (scored ≤ 20th percentile)* |  |
 Yes | 128 (28.4) |
 No | 322 (71.6) |
Low social support (scored <15th percentile)* | Â |
 Yes | 48 (10.7) |
 No | 399 (89.3) |
Emotional health in past 6Â months* | Â |
 Excellent, very good, or good | 382 (84.9) |
 Fair or poor | 68 (15.1) |
Unstable events that occurred during the past 12Â months to mother or spouse/partner* | Â |
 None to two events | 370 (83.5) |
 Three or more events | 73 (16.5) |