Table 4 Risk factor analysis for preterm birth using multivariable model **
From: Incidence and risk factors of preterm birth in a rural Bangladeshi cohort
Risk factors | Model 1: proximal factors | Model 2: intermediate factors added | Full (final) model: distal factors added | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
At least one ANC visit (Ref.: “No visit”) | 0.79 | 0.75-0.82 | 0.80 | 0.77-0.84 | 0.86 | 0.83 – 0.90 |
Any antenatal complication (Ref.: “No complication”) | 1.31 | 1.13-1.53 | 1.31 | 1.13-1.52 | 1.32 | 1.14 - 1.53 |
Birth preparedness Status | ||||||
No step was taken | Ref. | - | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
Partially | 0.30 | 0.29-0.31 | 0.30 | 0.29-0.32 | 0.30 | 0.29 – 0.31 |
Fully | 0.30 | 0.29-0.32 | 0.31 | 0.29-0.33 | 0.32 | 0.30 – 0.34 |
Iron tablet consumption | ||||||
No iron consumed at all | Ref. | - | Ref. | - | Ref. | - |
Consumed for less than 60 days | 1.43 | 1.31-1.56 | 1.39 | 1.27-1.52 | 1.32 | 1.21 – 1.45 |
Consumed for 60 – 180 days | 1.43 | 1.32-1.55 | 1.39 | 1.29-1.50 | 1.33 | 1.24 – 1.44 |
Consumed for 181 days or more | 1.34 | 1.16-1.55 | 1.32 | 1.15-1.53 | 1.28 | 1.11 – 1.47 |
Any dose of TT immunization (Ref: “Received no TT”) | 0.94 | 0.90-0.99 | 0.94 | 0.89-0.98 | 0.95 | 0.91 – 0.99 |
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) | ||||||
<214 mm | 1.43 | 1.33-1.53 | 1.41 | 1.31-1.51 | 1.26 | 1.17 – 1.35 |
214 – 221 mm | 1.37 | 1.27-1.47 | 1.36 | 1.27-1.46 | 1.23 | 1.14 – 1.33 |
222 – 250 mm | 1.26 | 1.18-1.34 | 1.26 | 1.18-1.40 | 1.17 | 1.10 – 1.24 |
> = 251 mm | Ref. | - | Ref | - | Ref | - |
Multiple pregnancy (Ref.: “Singleton”) | 1.61 | 1.49-1.74 | 1.61 | 1.49 – 1.74 | ||
Birth Order | ||||||
First child | 0.82 | 0.77-0.87 | 0.91 | 0.84 – 0.98 | ||
Second child | 0.90 | 0.85-0.95 | 0.98 | 0.92 – 1.04 | ||
Third child | 0.89 | 0.84-0.95 | 0.95 | 0.89 – 1.01 | ||
Fourth or higher | Ref. | - | Ref. | - | ||
Sex of the baby delivered (Ref: Male child) | 0.93 | 0.90 – 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.89 – 0.96 | ||
History of child death (Ref.: “No child death in past”) | 1.08 | 1.03-1.13 | 1.05 | 1.01 – 1.10 | ||
Women’s age at delivery | ||||||
<20 years | 0.97 | 0.87 – 1.09 | ||||
20-24 years | 0.93 | 0.86 – 1.01 | ||||
25-29 years | 0.95 | 0.89 – 1.02 | ||||
30-34 years | 0.99 | 0.92 – 1.05 | ||||
35 years & above | Ref. | - | ||||
Women’s education: Primary or above (Ref.: “Below primary”) | 0.92 | 0.88 – 0.97 | ||||
Husbands’ education: Primary or above (Ref.: “Below primary”) | 0.94 | 0.89 – 0.99 | ||||
Wealth Index | ||||||
Lowest quintile (Poorest) | 1.37 | 1.26 – 1.49 | ||||
Second lowest quintile | 1.47 | 1.35 – 1.59 | ||||
Middle quintile | 1.43 | 1.33 – 1.54 | ||||
Second highest quintile | 1.31 | 1.22 – 1.42 | ||||
Highest quintile (Richest) | Ref. | - | ||||