Table 1 Neonatal vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and anthropometric measurements at 2 months, overall and by BCG-group
Overall | BCG | No BCG | Interaction between BCG and VAS | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | VAS | Placebo | Difference*(CI: 95%) | RR *(CI: 95%) | VAS | Placebo | Difference** (CI: 95%) | RR ** (CI: 95%) | VAS | Placebo | Difference** (CI: 95%) | RR ** (CI: 95%) | ||
Number | 693 | 697 | 353 | 350 | 340 | 347 | ||||||||
Median age in days | 67 | 66 | 67 | 66 | 66 | 66 | ||||||||
Weight, kg | 4.25 | 4.29 | −0.01 (−0.07; 0.06) | 4.27 | 4.24 | 0.05 (−0.04; 0.14) | 4.22 | 4.34 | −0.07 (−0.16; 0.03) | P = 0.08 | ||||
Weight-for-age (WAZ), z-score | −2.13 | −2.08 | −0.02 (−0.12; 0.09) | −2.09 | −2.19 | 0.08 (−0.07; 0.23) | −2.17 | −1.98 | −0.11 (−0.26; 0.04) | P = 0.07 | ||||
Underweight (WAZ < −2) | 35% | 36% | 0.95 (0.83; 1.07) | 35% | 37% | 0.90 (0.76; 1.08) | 35% | 35% | 0.99 (0.83; 1.19) | P = 0.48 | ||||
Length, cm | 53.0 | 53.3 | −0.11 (−0.37; 0.13) | 52.9 | 53.2 | −0.10 (−0.45; 0.25) | 53.1 | 53.4 | −0.13 (−0.49; 0.22) | P = 0.88 | ||||
Length-for-age (LAZ), z-score | −2.67 | −2.53 | −0.06 (−0.17; 0.05) | −2.71 | −2.58 | −0.04 (−0.20; 0.12) | −2.62 | −2.48 | −0.09 (−0.24; 0.07) | P = 0.66 | ||||
Stunting (LAZ < −2) | 51% | 48% | 1.05 (0.93; 1.11) | 51% | 49% | 1.07 (0.94; 1.22) | 51% | 46% | 1.02 (0.90; 1.16) | P = 0.61 | ||||
Head circumference, cm | 37.4 | 37.4 | 0.05 (−0.10; 0.21) | 37.5 | 37.4 | 0.18 (−0.04; 0.40) | 37.3 | 37.5 | −0.08 (−0.30; 0.14) | P = 0.10 | ||||
Head circumference-for-age, z-score | −1.32 | −1.34 | 0.05 (−0.06; 0.17) | −1.25 | −1.39 | 0.16 (0.00; 0.32) | −1.41 | −1.29 | −0.06 (−0.22; 0.10) | P = 0.06 | ||||
Boys | ||||||||||||||
Number | 311 | 324 | 154 | 167 | 157 | 157 | ||||||||
Median age in days | 66 | 66 | 67 | 65 | 66 | 69 | ||||||||
Weight, kg | 4.38 | 4.42 | 0.00 (−0.09; 0.10) | 4.39 | 4.33 | 0.08 (−0.05; 0.22) | 4.37 | 4.52 | −0.08 (−0.22; 0.06) | P = 0.15 | ||||
Weight-for-age (WAZ), z-score | −2.29 | −2.23 | 0.01 (−0.15; 0.17) | −2.30 | −2.34 | 0.06 (−0.15; 0.28) | −2.29 | −2.11 | −0.05 (−0.27; 0.17) | P = 0.54 | ||||
Underweight (WAZ < −2) | 42% | 40% | 1.04 (0.88; 1.23) | 44% | 43% | 1.02 (0.81; 1.28) | 40% | 38% | 1.06 (0.83; 1.37) | P = 0.80 | ||||
Length, cm | 53.4 | 53.6 | −0.04 (−0.41; 0.33) | 53.3 | 53.3 | 0.10 (−0.42; 0.63) | 53.5 | 53.9 | −0.19 (−0.72; 0.34) | P = 0.47 | ||||
Length-for-age (LAZ), z-score | −2.91 | −2.80 | −0.01 (−0.17; 0.15) | −2.98 | −2.89 | −0.03 (−0.26; 0.19) | −2.85 | −2.70 | 0.01 (−0.21; 0.24) | P = 0.75 | ||||
Stunting (LAZ < −2) | 61% | 55% | 1.08 (0.96; 1.21) | 60% | 60% | 1.01 (0.86; 1.18) | 62% | 51% | 1.15 (0.97; 1.37) | P = 0.69 | ||||
Head circumference, cm | 37.8 | 37.8 | 0.10 (−0.13; 0.32) | 38.0 | 37.6 | 0.37 (0.06; 0.69) | 37.7 | 38.0 | −0.19 (−0.51; 0.12) | P = 0.02 | ||||
Head circumference-for-age, z-score | −1.46 | −1.45 | 0.09 (−0.09; 0.26) | −1.37 | −1.54 | 0.26 (0.01; 0.49) | −1.55 | −1.35 | −0.08 (−0.33; 0.16) | P = 0.06 | ||||
Girls | ||||||||||||||
Number | 382 | 373 | 199 | 183 | 183 | 190 | ||||||||
Median age in days | 67 | 66 | 68 | 67 | 67 | 66 | ||||||||
Weight, kg | 4.14 | 4.18 | −0.01 (−0.10; 0.08) | 4.19 | 4.17 | 0.03 (−0.09; 0.16) | 4.10 | 4.19 | −0.06 (−0.19; 0.06) | P = 0.24 | ||||
Weight-for-age (WAZ), z-score | −2.00 | −1.94 | −0.04 (−0.18; 0.10) | −1.93 | −2.01 | 0.07 (−0.13; 0.28) | −2.08 | −1.87 | −0.17 (−0.37; 0.04) | P = 0.08 | ||||
Underweight (WAZ < −2) | 30% | 33% | 0.87 (0.72; 1.05) | 28% | 33% | 0.82 (0.63; 1.07) | 31% | 34% | 0.93 (0.72; 1.21) | P = 0.49 | ||||
Length, cm | 52.7 | 53.1 | −0.18 (−0.52; 0.16) | 52.7 | 53.2 | −0.32 (−0.80; 0.16) | 52.8 | 53.0 | −0.03 (−0.52; 0.45) | P = 0.38 | ||||
Length-for-age (LAZ), z-score | −2.47 | −2.30 | −0.11 (−0.26; 0.03) | −2.51 | −2.31 | −0.15 (−0.36; 0.06) | −2.44 | −2.30 | −0.08 (−0.29; 0.13) | P = 0.63 | ||||
Stunting (LAZ < −2) | 44% | 41% | 1.03 (0.90; 1.18) | 44% | 40% | 1.06 (0.88; 1.29) | 43% | 42% | 1.00 (0.82; 1.21) | P = 0.80 | ||||
Head circumference, cm | 37.1 | 37.1 | 0.03 (−0.17; 0.24) | 37.2 | 37.1 | 0.06 (−0.23; 0.34) | 37.0 | 37.0 | 0.00 (−0.29; 0.29) | P = 0.79 | ||||
Head circumference-for-age, z-score | −1.21 | −1.24 | 0.02 (−0.14; 0.17) | −1.15 | −1.24 | 0.07 (−0.15; 0.29) | −1.28 | −1.24 | −0.03 (−0.26; 0.19) | P = 0.51 | ||||