Table 1 Indications for initiation of treatment or prophylaxis with the two drugs

First line therapy (even in association) of:

 Culture-proven sepsis due to multi-drug resistant organisms that are sensitive to ciprofloxacin

5 (100%)

 Sepsis resulting from a suspected multi-drug resistant strain infection

1

 Sepsis resistant to first line empirical antibiotic therapy (other than ciprofloxacin)

1

 Severe sepsis resistant to first line empirical antibiotic therapy (other than ciprofloxacin)

1

Fluconazole prophylaxis (30 NICUs)

Birth gestational age

21 (70%)

 <26 weeks

2

 <28 weeks

10

 <30 weeks

7

 other

2

Birth weight

27 (90%)

 <750 g

1

 <1000g

13

 <1500

13

Neonate receiving antibiotics for a certain number of days

14 (47%)

 >2 days

6

 >7 days

5

 >14 days

3

Presence of a central venous catheter (CVC)

22 (73%)

 Peripherally inserted CVC

18

 Umbilical venous CVC

15

 Only CVC used >7 days

7

 Only CVC used >14 days

1

 Surgically inserted CVC

5

Endotracheal intubation

10 (33%)

 Only if intubated >7 days

8

 Only if intubated >14 days

0

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

14 (47%)

 Only if TPN used >7 days

11

 Only if TPN used >14 days

1

Abdominal surgery

12 (40%)

Abdominal disease

7 (23%)

 Necrotizing enterocolitis

4

 Focal bowel perforation

3

 Gastroschisis

1

 Omphalocele

0

Antibiotics being used

5 (17%)

 Only if >7 days

5

 Only if >14 days

0

Colonization status

11 (37%)

 Scheduled surveillance cultures+/− other cultures

7

 Determined by clinical features

4

Fluconazole treatment (17 NICUs)

Sepsis with identification of Candida spp. in cultures of central samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, …)

15 (88%)

Sepsis with documented fungal colonization

12 (71%)

Sepsis resistant to first line empirical antibiotic therapy

7 (41%)

Severe sepsis

1 (6%)