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Table 1 Characteristics of prediction models

From: Clinical prediction models for bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a systematic review and external validation study

Study

Year of publication

Region (No. Of Centers)

Period of data collection

Study design†

Non-ventilated patients included

No. of patients derivation cohort

ROC timing

Gestational age (wks, mean ± SD)

Original outcome

Internal/ External validation

No. of patients validation cohort‡

Derivation cohorts

          

Cohen [12]

1983

USA (1)

1987-1981

Pros

No

-

2d

Un§

Death/BPD 30d

Yes/No

69/-

Hakulinen [13]

1988

Finland (1)

1978-1982

Pros

Yes

91

1d

Un§

Death/BPD 28d

No/No

−/−

Sinkin [14]

1990

USA (3)

1983-1985

Retro

Yes

160

12 h

30.9 (±4.2)

BPD 28d

Yes/Yes

49/189

Palta [26]

1990

USA (5)

-

Retro

Yes

-

3d

Un§

BPD 30d

Yes/No

42/-

Parker [27]

1992

USA (1)

1976-1990

Retro

Yes

2375

at adm.

Un§

Death/BPD 28d

Yes/No

Un§/-

Corcoran [28]

1993

UK (1)

1980-1990

Retro

No

312

3d

Un§

BPD 28d

Yes/No

100/-

Ryan 1994 [29]

1994

UK (2)

1988-1989

Retro

No

166

7d

28 (23–31)£

BPD 28d

No/Yes

-/133

Rozycki [30]

1996

USA (1)

1987-1991

Retro

No

698

8 h

Un§

BPD 28d

No/No

−/−

Ryan 1996 [31]

1996

UK (1)

1991-1992

Retro

No

202

4d

28 (23–27)£

BPD 36w

Yes/No

47/-

Romagnoli [32]

1998

Italy (1)

1989-1991

Retro

No

50

3d, 5d

28.4 (±2.2)

BPD 28d

Yes/No

149/-

Yoder [33]

1999

USA (3)

1990-1992

Pros

Yes

107

12 h, 72 h

Un§

Death/BPD 36w

Yes/Yes

54/56

Kim [34]

2005

Korea (1)

1997-1999

Retro

Yes

197

4d, 7d

28.2 (±1.9)

BPD 36w

Yes/No

107/-

Cunha [35]

2005

Brasil (1)

2000-2002

Pros

No

86

7d

27.2 (±3.2)

BPD 36w

No/No

−/−

Choi [36]

2006

Korea (Un§)

-

-

No

81

1d, 4d, 7d

Un§

BPD 36w

No/No

−/−

Henderson-Smart [37]

2006

Aus/NZ (25)

1998-1999

Pros

Yes

5599

at birth

29 (27–30)£

BPD 36w

Yes/No

5854/-

Bhering [38]

2007

Brasil (1)

1998-2003

Retro

Yes

247

7d

29.1 (±2.4)

BPD 36w

Yes/No

61/-

Ambalavanan [39]

2008

USA (16)

2001-2003

Pros

No

420

variable

26 (±2)

Death/BPD 36w

No/No

−/−

Laughon [40]

2011

USA (17)

2000-2004

Pros

Yes

2415

1d, 3d, 7d

26.7 (±1.9)

Death/BPD 36w

Yes/Yes

1214/1777

Validation cohorts

         

Subhedar [41]

2000

UK (1)

-

Retro

No

NA

<24 h

29 (26–30)£

Death/BPD 36w

-

NA/155

Srisuparp [42]

2003

USA (1)

1996-1997

Retro

No

NA

<6 h

27.6 (±2.4)

BPD 36w

-

NA/138

Choukroun [43]

2003

France (1)

-

Retro

No

NA

at SF/18 h after

29.5 (±1.5)

BPD 36w

-

NA/44

Greenough [44]

2004

UK (1)

1998-2001

Retro

No

NA

7d

26 (24–28.6)£

Death/BPD 36w

-

NA/59

Fowlie [45]

1998

UK (6)

1988-1990

Retro

Yes

NA

72 h

29 (23–38)£

Death/BPD 36w

-

NA/398

Hentschel [46]

1998

Germany (1)

1991-1993

Retro

Yes

NA

at adm.

28.6 (±0.3)

Death/BPD 36w

-

NA/188

Chien [47]

2002

Canada (17)

1996-1997

Pros

Yes

NA

at adm.

29 (±2)

BPD 36w

-

NA/4226

May [48]

2007

UK (1)

2004-2005

Retro

Yes

NA

2d

Un§

BPD 28d/36w

-

NA/75

  1. † Pros: prospective; retro: retrospective ‡ Number of patients in validation cohort: internal/external. §Un Unknown. ¶ Manuscripts validating the outcome BPD on models originally derived for different outcomes (e.g. mortality). £ Median gestational age (range). NA Not applicable.