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Table 4 Maternal and paternal country of birth by childhood autism in cases and controls

From: The risk of childhood autism among second-generation migrants in Finland: a case–control study

 

Cases

Controls

OR (95% CI)

p

AdjustedaOR (95% CI)

p

 

n

%

n

%

    

Mothers

        

Finnish

1 058

93.9

4 340

96.2

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Former Yugoslavia

6

0.5

8

0.2

3.0 (1.1-8.8)

0.04

3.2 (1.1-9.1)

0.03

Former Soviet Union

22

2.0

50

1.1

1.7 (1.05-2.9)

0.03

1.7 (1.05-2.9)

0.03

Somalia

6

0.5

34

0.8

0.7 (0.3-1.8)

0.49

0.8 (0.3-1.9)

0.60

Thailand

3

0.3

13

0.3

1.0 (0.3-3.6)

0.9885

1.0 (0.3-3.7)

0.95

Vietnam

5

0.8

9

0.1

7.0 (2.3-20.9)

<0.001

7.0 (2.3-21.2)

<0.001

Fathers

        

Finnish

1 069

94.9

4 344

96.3

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Former Yugoslavia

8

0.7

8

0.2

4.0 (1.5-10.6)

0.006

4.1 (1.5-10.9)

0.005

Former Soviet Union

5

0.5

21

0.5

0.9 (0.4-2.5)

0.88

0.9 (0.4-2.5)

0.89

Somalia

8

0.7

31

0.7

1.1 (0.5-2.6)

0.78

1.2 (0.5-2.8)

0.62

Turkey

1

0.1

10

0.2

0.4 (0.1-3.3)

0.40

0.5 (0.1-3.5)

0.45

Vietnam

8

0.7

5

0.1

6.4 (2.1-19.7)

0.001

6.4 (2.1-19.5)

0.001

  1. aAdjusted for parental age. OR=odds ratio, CI=confidence interval. Countries with ten or more immigrant mothers or fathers were included.