From: The risk of childhood autism among second-generation migrants in Finland: a case–control study
Cases | Controls | OR (95% CI) | p | AdjustedaOR (95% CI) | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |||||
Mothers | ||||||||
Finnish | 1 058 | 93.9 | 4 340 | 96.2 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Western countries | 10 | 0.9 | 29 | 0.6 | 1.4 (0.7-2.9) | 0.36 | 1.4 (0.7-2.9) | 0.37 |
Former Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia | 29 | 2.6 | 65 | 1.4 | 1.8 (1.2-2.8) | 0.008 | 1.8 (1.2-2.9) | 0.007 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 10 | 0.9 | 36 | 0.8 | 1.2 (0.6-2.4) | 0.68 | 1.2 (0.6-2.6) | 0.57 |
North Africa, Middle East | 2 | 0.2 | 14 | 0.3 | 0.6 (0.1-2.6) | 0.49 | 0.6 (0.1-2.7) | 0.50 |
Asia | 18 | 1.6 | 28 | 0.6 | 2.6 (1.4-4.7) | 0.002 | 2.6 (1.4-4.7) | 0.002 |
Fathers | ||||||||
Finnish | 1 069 | 94.9 | 4 344 | 96.3 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Western countries | 8 | 0.7 | 43 | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.4-1.6) | 0.46 | 0.7 (0.4-1.6) | 0.45 |
Former Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia | 15 | 1.3 | 35 | 0.8 | 1.7 (0.95-3.2) | 0.07 | 1.8 (0.97-3.3) | 0.06 |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 13 | 1.2 | 38 | 0.8 | 1.4 (0.7-2.8) | 0.29 | 1.5 (0.8-3.0) | 0.21 |
North Africa, Middle East | 9 | 0.8 | 38 | 0.8 | 1.0 (0.5-2.0) | 0.90 | 1.0 (0.5-2.1) | 0.98 |
Asia | 13 | 1.2 | 12 | 0.3 | 4.4 (2.0-9.6) | <0.001 | 4.4 (2.0-9.5) | <0.001 |