Table 2 Descriptive statistics and one-way anova results between predictor variables and well baby visits received by age three years for Medicaid-enrolled infants (n = 6,085)

Infant variables

  Had a chronic health condition in the first 16 months of life

P < .0001

   No

4056

66.7

5.98

   Yes

2029

33.3

6.61

  Eligible for Medicaid through the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program

P = .038

   No

5958

97.9

6.20

   Yes

127

2.1

5.80

Maternal variables

  Age (years)

P < .0001

   <18

510

8.4

6.52

   18 to 20

1641

27.0

6.26

   21 to 29

3056

50.2

6.15

   ≥30

877

14.4

6.00

  Race

P < .0001

   White

5235

87.5

6.23

   Non-White

760

12.5

5.91

  Education

P = .006

   Less than high school

4586

75.4

6.24

   High school or more

1443

23.7

6.06

   Missing

56

0.9

-

  Marital status

P = .010

   Married

1766

29.0

6.08

   Other

4319

71.0

6.24

  Prenatal visit quartiles (number of prenatal visits)

P = .002

   1st quartile (less than 10 visits)

1435

23.6

6.00

   2nd quartile (10 to 11 visits)

1335

21.9

6.19

   3rd quartile (12 to 13 visits)

1561

25.7

6.24

   4th quartile (14 or more visits)

1535

25.2

6.27

   Missing

219

3.6

-

  Self-reported maternal alcohol use during pregnancy

P = .797

   No

5801

95.3

6.19

   Yes

158

2.6

6.15

   Missing

126

2.1

-

  Self-reported maternal smoking status during pregnancy

P = .065

   No

3848

63.2

6.23

   Yes

2137

35.1

6.12

   Missing

100

1.6

-

Health system variables

  Rurality

P = .895

   Rural

355

5.8

6.14

   Urban non-adjacent to metropolitan

1172

19.3

6.18

   Urban adjacent to metropolitan

1183

19.4

6.23

   Metropolitan

3375

55.5

6.19

  Enrollment in a health maintenance organization (HMO) plan

P < .0001

   No

3673

60.4

6.75

   Yes

2412

39.6

5.35

  Recipient of MediPASS primary care case management services

P < .0001

   No

4155

68.3

5.84

   Yes

1930

31.7

6.96