Skip to main content

Table 1 Study design overview

From: Environmental determinants of islet autoimmunity (ENDIA): a pregnancy to early life cohort study in children at-risk of type 1 diabetes

Sample (parameter)

Description

Purpose

1sttrimester †

2ndtrimester

3rdtrimester

1-2 days postnatal

3-5 days postnatal

3 m

6 m

9, 15, 21, 30 m

12, 18, 24, 36 m

Proband

Informed consent

-

Informed consent

*

        

*

Demographics (including ancestry, socioeconomic status)

-

Maternal

         

Paternal

         

Infant

   

      

Proband

         

*

Medical/obstetric history

-

Maternal

*

*

*

       

Paternal

         

Proband

         

*

OGTT results

  

*

       

Pregnancy complications

    

     

Labour and delivery

    

     

Congenital abnormalities

    

     

Anthropometry

-

Height, Weight, BMI

*

*

*

 

*

     

Weight z, length z, BMI z

   

*

 

*

*

*

*

 

Waist circumference

   

*

 

*

*

*

*

 

Lifestyle questionnaire

*

*

*

  

*

*

*

*

 

Blood

A: Serum (red)

AutoAbs: Melbourne

  

*

*Δ

 

*

*

*

*

 

AutoAbs: Adelaide

  

*

*Δ

 

*

*

*

*

 

Resistance: adiponectin, hsCRP, C-peptide, insulin, glucose

*

*

*

*Δ

 

*

*

*

*

 

Metabolome/lipidome

*

*

*

*Δ

 

*

*

*

*

 

B: Serum (red)

Vitamin D (25 OHD) / tTGAb / C-peptide / glucose

25 OHD tTGAb

25 OHD tTGAb

25 OHD tTGAb

25 OHD tTGAb C-peptideΔ

 

25 OHD tTGAb

tTGAb

25 OHD tTGAb

tTGAb glucose (12, 24, 36 m)

 

C: LH (green)

Cytokines/chemokines (innate immunity)

     

*

*

*

*

 

D: K-EDTA (purple)

Buffy coat (epigenome)

*

*

*

*Δ

 

*

*

*

*

 

RBC

*

*

*

*Δ

 

*

*

*

*

 

Virology

*

*

*

*ΔΩ

 

*

*

*

*

 

DHA, EPA, resolvins, protectins, prostaglandin E2

*

*

*

*Δ

 

*

 

*

  

Advanced glycation end products

*

*

*

*Δ

  

*

 

*

 

Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)

*††

*††

*††

*Δ

   

 

E: K-EDTA (purple)

HLA typing

   

*Δ

     

*

F: CPT sodium citrate (blue/black)

PBMCs (adaptive immunity)

   

*Δ

  

*

*

*

 

Urine

Maternal: urine pot Infant: collection bag

Metabolome/lipidome

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Advanced glycation end products

*

*

*

 

*

 

*

 

*

 

Stool

Maternal: EasySampler Infant: stool collection kit

Microbiome

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Virology

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Metabolome/lipidome

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Saliva

Oragene kit

SNP typing

     

*

   

*

Tongue dorsum

ESwab swab

Microbiome

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Buccal mucosa

ESwab swab

Microbiome

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Throat

UTM

Virology

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Nasal

ESwab swab

Microbiome

*

*

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

 

Skin (inner elbows)

ESwab swab

Microbiome

  

*

* m&i

* m&i

* m&i

* m&i

*

*

 

Vagina

ESwab swab

Microbiome

  

*

       

Colostrum (day 0–3)

Colostrum collection kit

Microbiome

   

*

      

Metabolome/lipidome

   

*

      

Breast milk

Milk collection kit

Microbiome

    

*

 

Metabolome/lipidome

    

*

*V3 ζ

  

Diet

Maternal diet evaluation tools

DQES version 2

  

*

  

    

Infant diet evaluation tools

Infant diary (birth-6 m)

     

*

*

   

Infant diary (6-12 m)

       

* V3

* V4

 

24 hour recall (12 – 24 months)

       

* V5, V7

* V6

 

Australian Toddler Eating Survey (>24 months)

       

* V9

* V8, V10

 
  1. if available.
  2. ψ or at first opportunity.
  3. †† if mother has T1D.
  4. ϕ if persistent islet autoantibodies are detected.
  5. Δ cord blood.
  6. Ω using Guthrie Card if cord blood sample not taken.
  7. “m&i” maternal and infant.
  8. ζ if breast feeding.