Table 3 Summary of guidelines on pharmacological therapy of ocular disease in the paediatric population
From: Ocular medicines in children: the regulatory situation related to clinical research
Ref. | Organisation | Title | Disease | Quality of evidence | Treatment (Licensing status) | Country | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[41] | National Guideline Clearinghause (NGC) | Guidelines for the treatment and management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in children and adults. | Acute bacterial conjunctivitis | I | Topical antibiotic therapy: • Norfloxacin 0.3% (nl) • Ciprofloxacin 0.3% • Ofloxacin 0.3% • Levofloxacin 0.5% (nl UK, nl USA) • Lomefloxacin 0.3% • Moxifloxacin 0.5% (nl UK) • Gatifloxacin 0.3% (nl IT, nl UK) • Chloramphenicol 0.5% (nl USA) • Sulfacetamide Sodium 10% (nl) • Erythromycin 0.5% (nl) • Gentamicin Sulfate 0.3% (nl) • Trimethoprim Sulfate/Polymyxin B 10000 U/1 mg/mL (nl IT) • Fusidic acid 0.1% (nl IT, nl USA) • Tobramycin 0.3% (nl UK, nl USA) • Povidone-iodine 1.25% (nl UK, nl USA) • Bacitracin (nl) Ocular steroids and steroid-antibiotic: • Prednisolone (nl IT, nl USA) • Fluorometholone 0.1%/sulfacetamide sodium 10% (nl) • Fluorometholone 0.1% • Neomycin/polymyxin B/dexamethasone 0.1% (nl IT) • Gentamicin 0.3%/prednisolone acetate 0.1% (nl) • Tobramycin 0.3%/dexamethasone 0.1% (nl) | USA | 2005 |
[34] | Canadian Paediatric Society | Recommendations for the prevention of neonatal ophthalmia | Prophylaxis to prevent neonatal ophthalmia due to N gonorrhoeae | III | • Silver nitrate 1% eye drops (nl) • Erythromycin 0.5% ointment (nl) • Tetracycline 1% ointment (nl) | Canada | 2002 (Rev. 2009) |
[29] | Moore W. and Nischal K.K. | Pharmacologic management of glaucoma in childhood | Glaucoma | I | • Β-Blockers: Betaxolol 0.25% (nl) • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Dorzolamide 2% (nl UK, nl USA) • Prostaglandin Analogs: Latanoprost (nl), Travoprost (nl), Bimatoprost (nl) • Adrenoceptor Agonists: Brimonidine (nl UK), Apraclonidine (nl) • Parasympathomimetics: Pilocarpine (nl UK, nl USA) | UK | 2007 |
[39] | Royal College of Ophthalmologists | Guidelines for the management of amblyopia | Ambliopia | III | • Refractive correction (glasses) • Patching: from 2 to 6 hours per day • Atropine (nl IT, nl USA) | UK | 2006 |
[6] | National Guideline Clearinghause (NGC) | Best evidence statement (BESt). Treatment of amblyopia in children. | Amblyopia | I | • Refractive correction (glasses) • Atropine: 1 drop/day, 2 - 7 days per week (nl IT, nl USA) • Patching: from 2 to 6 hours per day | USA | 2007 |
[38] | Royal College of Ophthalmologists | Guidelines for the management of strabismus in childhood | Strabismus | III | • Surgical interventions • Refractive correction (glasses) • Miotics (not specified) | UK | 2007 |
[46] | The Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology, Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology | Brazilian guidelines proposal for screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) | Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) | III | Surgical interventions+post surgical treatment with topical steroids/antibiotics (not specified) | Brazil | 2007 |
[40] | Royal College of Ophthalmologists, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, British Association of Perinatal Medicine & BLISS | Guideline for the Screening and Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity | Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) | III | Screening examination with Cyclopentolate 0.5%/Phenylephrine 2.5% combination: 1drop each in 2 to 3 doses, each 5 minutes apart, 1 hour prior to examination (nl) | UK | 2008 |