Table 4 Summary of previous studies examining DNA methylation differences in ART conceptions
Author | Tissue | ART group | SC group | Gene/Region | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oliver, et al. [38] | Blood | 66 (34 IVF, 32 ICSI) | 59 | H19, KCNQ1OT1, SNRPN, IGF2, LOC388665, INSL5, ARHGAP24, STK19, NCRNA00282, JPH4, SYP, BEX1 | Only significant difference in NCRNA00282 and possibly ARHGAP24 |
Zheng, et al. [36] | Cord blood | 101 (40 ICSI, 61 IVF) | 60 | KvDMR1, SNRPN, MEST, MEG3, TNDM, XIST | All showed normal methylation patterns |
Zheng, et al. [37] | Chorionic villus samples | 44 spontaneous abortions, 22 multifetal reductions | 45 spontaneous abortions, 47 induced abortions | PEG1/MEST | Higher methylation in spontaneous abortions in ART or SC group compared with other two groups, no difference between ART and SC |
Wong, et al. [34] | Placenta | 77 (32 IVF, 45 ICSI) | 12 | H19/IGF2 ICR1 | No difference between groups consisting of IVF, ICSI, SC stratified by size for gestational age, 6 ART and 2 SC cases with hypomethylation |
Shi, et al. [31] | Cord blood | 61 | 30 | IGF2/H19 ICR | No difference between groups, but three ICSI children had abnormal demethylation |
Li, et al. [28] | Cord blood | 29 twin pairs | 30 twin pairs | KvDMR1, PEG1, H19/IGF2 DMR | No significant differences, but lower methylation in KvDMR1 and higher methylation in H19/IGF2 in ART twins. |
Zechner, et al. [35] | Chorionic villus samples | 42 spontaneous miscarriages and stillbirths | 29 abortions and stillbirths | H19, MEG3, LIT1, MEST, NESP55, PEG3, SNRPN, NANOG, APC | No significant difference between groups, more extreme methylation values in the control group |
Turan, et al. [33] | Cord blood, cord, placenta | 45 | 56 | IGF2/H19, IGF2R | The maternal to paternal methylation ratio mean and variance were greater in the IVF group for both tissues (means in cord and placenta and variance in cord blood and cord), no differences for IGF2R |
Tierling, et al. [32] | Maternal blood, cord blood, amnion/chorion tissue | 112 (77 ICSI, 35 IVF) | 73 | KvDMR1, H19, SNRPN, MEST, GRB10, DLK1/MEG3, Ig-DMR, GNAS NESP55, GNAS NESPas, GNAS XL- alpha-s, GNAS Exon1A | Difference in MEST in cord blood (IVF vs. ICSI or IVF vs. SC), higher MEST methylation in IVF mothers vs ICSI or SC; also possible differences in DLK1/MEG3 and the GNAS region in cord blood |
Chen, et al. [23] | Embryos | 32 | 0 | H19 DMR | 18.7% with hypomethylation |
Kobayashi, et al. [27] | Trophoblastic villi | 78 abortions | 38 non-ART abortions | H19, GTL2, PEG1, KCNQ1OT1, ZAC, PEG3, SNRPN | Hypomethylation in ART cases relative to controls for H19 (n = 6), GTL2 (n = 2), PEG1(n = 1), LIT1 (n = 4), ZAC (n = 1), PEG3 (n = 1) |
Katari, et al. [26] | Cord blood, placenta | 10 | 13 | Genome wide, 736 genes | Differentially methylated CpG sites tended to have higher methylation in cord blood and lower methylation in placenta |
Kanber, et al. [25] | Buccal cells | 19 small for gestational age and ICSI | 29 normal birth weight | KCNQ10T1, IGF2/H19, PEG1, PEG3, PLAGL1, GTL2 | 1 ICSI child with hypermethylation of KCNQ1OT1 and PEG1, 2 control children had hypermethylation of GTL2 |
Gomes, et al. [24] | Peripheral blood, Cord blood, placenta | 12 peripheral blood, 6 cord blood, placenta | 22 peripheral blood, 8 cord blood, placenta | KvDMR1 | 3 ART children with hypomethylation in blood, lower levels in ART vs. SC, but not statistically significant |
Palermo, et al. [30] | Blood | 55 | 0 | SNRPN | No differences from expected |
Manning, et al. [29] | Blood | 92 ICSI | Reference sample | SNRPN | No differences from expected |