Table 3 Complications and their frequency for medical MC of men in RCTs in South Africa (3.8%, all mild or moderate), Kenya (1.7%, all mild or moderate) and Uganda (4% mild, 3% moderate [breakdown not disclosed] and 1% severe [shown])

Bleeding post-op

0.6%

0.4%

0.08%

Infection

0.2%

0.4%

0.04%

Wound disruption

0%

0.3%

0.04%

Delayed healing

0.1%

0.2%

-†

Swelling or hematoma

0.6%

0.1%

-

Severe pain

0.8%

0%*

-

Appearance problem

0.6%

0%

-

Damage to the penis

0.3%

0%

-

Too much skin removed

0%

0%

-

Too little skin removed

0.3%

0%

-

Anesthesia-related event

0.06%

0.1%

-

Problem urinating

0%

0%

-

Other

0.3%

0.4%

-

Death

0%

0%

-