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Table 5 Outcome prediction at 36 weeks gestational age: uni- and multivariate association of clinical and demographic parameters present by 36 weeks gestational age with adverse outcome, and with unfavourable outcome

From: Outcome at two years of age in a Swiss national cohort of extremely preterm infants born between 2000 and 2008

ADVERSE OUTCOME (severe ND or death after 360/7 weeks PMA versus favourable outcome or moderate ND)

 

Univariate model†

 

Multivariate model‡

 
 

OR (95%-CI)

p-value

OR (95%-CI)

p-value

Gestational age (weeks)

0.81 (0.65 - 1.02)

0.077

1.00 (0.76 - 1.32)

0.98

BW z-score

0.85 (0.64 - 1.13)

0.271

NA

 

BW z-score < −2

1.19 (0.14 - 10.2)

0.88

0.70 (0.08 - 6.33)

0.75

BW z-score −2 to −1

1.33 (0.68 - 2.62)

0.41

1.22 (0.56 - 2.67)

0.62

Male sex

1.60 (1.00 - 2.54)

0.049

1.35 (0.79 - 2.24)

0.27

Antenatal corticosteroids

1.17 (0.70 - 1.96)

0.55

0.86 (0.49 - 1.51)

0.61

Multiple pregnancy

0.96 (0.58 - 1.60)

0.88

1.34 (0.77 - 2.36)

0.3

PDA

1.52 (0.95 - 2.43)

0.083

1.29 (0.77 - 2.17)

0.33

NEC

5.45 (2.25 - 13.22)

<0.001

1.94 (0.58 - 6.50)

0.28

Sepsis

1.47 (1.10 - 1.95)

0.008

1.20 (0.87 - 1.65)

0.27

Duration of ventilation (days)

1.04 (1.02 - 1.06)

<0.001

NA

 

Mechanical ventilation

3.50 (1.55 - 7.93)

0.003

NA

 

BPD

3.09 (1.89 - 5.03)

<0.001

2.81 (1.59 - 4.96)

<0.001

IVH ≥3

1.84 (0.86 - 3.93)

0.11

NA

 

Cystic PVL

2.07 (1.40 - 3.05)

<0.001

NA

 

Major brain injury

2.72 (1.45 - 5.10)

0.002

2.64 (1.28 - 5.43)

0.008

ROP ≥3

2.73 (1.21 - 6.14)

0.015

2.56 (1.05 - 6.26)

0.039

SES class

0.74 (0.53 - 1.03)

0.078

0.74 (0.51 - 1.06)

0.096

UNFAVOURABLE OUTCOME (moderate or severe ND or death after 36 0/7 weeks PMA versus favourable outcome)

 

Univariate model†

 

Multivariate model‡

 
 

OR (95%-CI)

p-value

OR (95%-CI)

p-value

Gestational age (weeks)

0.76 (0.65 - 0.90)

0.001

0.90 (0.74 - 1.10)

0.31

BW z-score

0.85 (0.70 - 1.04)

0.11

NA

 

BW z-score < −2

6.52 (1.26 - 33.79)

0.025

5.29 (0.91 - 30.84)

0.064

BW z-score −2 to −1

1.04 (0.63 - 1.73)

0.88

0.95 (0.54 - 1.68)

0.86

Male sex

1.35 (0.98 - 1.86)

0.063

1.16 (0.81 - 1.65)

0.42

Antenatal corticosteroids

0.97 (0.68 - 1.38)

0.85

0.73 (0.49 - 1.09)

0.12

Multiple pregnancy

1.11 (0.78 - 1.58)

0.58

1.31 (0.88 - 1.96)

0.18

PDA

1.17 (0.84 - 1.63)

0.35

1.05 (0.73 - 1.53)

0.78

NEC

2.34 (0.99 - 5.52)

0.052

1.22 (0.43 - 3.49)

0.71

Sepsis

1.26 (1.03 - 1.54)

0.026

1.10 (0.87 - 1.38)

0.42

Duration of ventilation (days)

1.03 (1.02 - 1.05)

<0.001

NA

 

Mechanical ventilation

1.23 (0.81 - 1.87)

0.32

NA

 

BPD

2.26 (1.53 - 3.33)

<0.001

1.92 (1.24 - 2.99)

0.004

IVH ≥3

1.35 (0.74 - 2.48)

0.33

NA

 

Cystic PVL

1.43 (1.04 - 1.98)

0.03

NA

 

Major brain injury

1.68 (0.99 - 2.86)

0.054

1.74 (0.95 - 3.18)

0.07

ROP ≥3

5.03 (2.33 - 10.86)

<0.001

4.88 (2.07 - 11.52)

<0.001

SES class

0.76 (0.61 - 0.96)

0.022

0.74 (0.58 - 0.95)

0.018

  1. The table gives all parameters that showed an unequal distribution among groups as shown in Table I or that are known from previous publications to act as confounders. † The univariate model is adjusted for study centre. ‡ The multivariate model contains all parameters that were associated with the outcome in the univariate model plus demographic factors such as gender and birth weight.
  2. ND, neurodevelopmental disability; OR, Odd’s ratio; CI, confidence interval; PMA, postmenstrual age; BW, birth weight; PDA, persistent ductus arteriosus; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis ≥ stage 2; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; major brain injury, intraventricular haemorrhage ≥ grade 3 or cystic periventricular leukomalacia; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity ≥ stage 3; SES, socioeconomic status.
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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