Early infections are associated with increased risk for celiac disease: an incident case-referent study

BMC Pediatrics

Table 2 Early infectious episodes and association with celiac disease

	Descriptive
Exposures^a	Cases	Referents	Bivariate analyses	Multivariate analyses	P-value ^d
Exposures^a	[n=373]	[n=581]	OR (95% CI)^b	OR (95% CI)^c
	n (%)	n (%)
Number of infectious episode(s)
0-2	241 (65)	422 (73)	1.0	1.0
≥3	132 (35)	159 (27)	1.5 (1.1-2.0)	1.5 (1.1-2.0) ^e	0.014
Infectious episode(s) excluding gastroenteritis
0-2	250 (67)	429 (74)	1.0	1.0
≥3	123 (33)	152 (26)	1.5 (1.1-2.0)	1.4 (1.0-1.9)	0.035
Gastroenterits
0	344 (92)	554 (95)	1.0	1.0
≥1	29 (8)	27 (5)	1.8 (1.0-3.2)	1.8 (0.99-3.3)	0.053

^a Infectious episodes before six months of age.
^b Bivariate conditional logistic regression using matched sets of cases with 1–2 referents.
^c Multivariate conditional logistic regression using matched sets of cases with 1–2 referents, with each exposure adjusted separately for infant feeding and socioeconomic status (compare Table 1).
^d Corresponding P-value for the multivariate analyses.
^e Preliminary version of this result has previously been included in review articles/book chapters [22–27].

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