Table 1 Comparison of HIV-infected children with and without visually obvious lipoatrophy

Nadir absolute CD4 before ART initiation with standard deviation (SD)

681 (493)

886 (650)

0.29

–

Nadir CD4% before ART initiation (SD)

14% (8%)

19% (8%)

>0.05

–

Maximum WHO clinical stage ever reached: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4

25% / 11% / 39% / 25%

17% / 9% / 46% / 28%

0.78

–

Median age at antiretroviral therapy (ART)

24 (9 – 43)

19 (9 – 37)

0.74

–

initiation, with inter-quartile range (IQR)

Median age at recruitment (months) (IQR)

89 (71 – 112)

71 (50 – 92)

0.001

0.75

Gender: Male / Female

21 (58%) / 15 (42%)

31 (48%) / 33 (52%)

0.41

–

Mean weight for age Z-score (SD)

−1.1 (1.1)

−0.9 (1.1)

0.39

–

Mean height for age Z-score (SD)

−1.3 (1.2)

−1.4 (1.1)

0.49

–

Mean body mass index Z-score (SD)

−0.62 (1.00)

−0.04 (1.08)

0.008

–

Absolute CD4 at recruitment (SD)

1296 (598)

1223 (631)

0.57

–

CD4% at recruitment (SD)

35% (7%)

32% (9%)

0.03

0.34

Mean current log₁₀ viral load (SD)

1.98 (0.45)

2.23 (0.83)

0.10

–

Proportion on 2nd line therapy, defined as switch of ≥2 antiretroviral drugs

8%

6%

0.58

–

Any antiretroviral exposure, median months (IQR)

56 (44 – 75)

43 (25 – 60)

0.002

0.52

Stavudine, median months (IQR)

41 (27 – 48)

30 (7 – 49)

0.02

0.002^b

Lamivudine, median months (IQR)

52 (41 – 72)

41 (25 – 58)

0.01

0.66

Lopinavir/r, median months (IQR)

26 (0 – 56)

36 (6 – 51)

0.58

0.82

Efavirenz, median^c months (IQR)

0 (0 – 44)

0 (0 – 4)

0.003

0.48