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Table 6 Traditional treatment usage by seizure group.

From: Traditional and non-traditional treatments for autism spectrum disorder with seizures: an on-line survey

Treatment

Overall

Controls

Clinical Seizures

Subclinical Seizures

Anti-epileptic drug treatment

Valproic acid

31%

6%

39%†

48% †,ns

Lamotrigine

22%

3%

27% †

39%†, ns

Levetiracetam

18%

1%

23% †

31% †,ns

Carbamazepine

18%

1%

26% †

23% †,ns

Topiramate

17%

1%

25% †

22% †,ns

Oxcarbazepine

16%

2%

22% †

24% †,ns

Clonazepam

12%

3%

16% †

13% †,ns

Phenytoin

10%

1%

13% †

13% †,ns

Phenobarbital

10%

2%

14% †

11% †,ns

Gabapentin

7%

1%

8% †

12% †,ns

Zonisamide

7%

0%

10% †

12% †,ns

Ethosuximide

4%

0%

4% ns

10% †, ns

Felbamate

4%

0%

5% †

7% †,ns

Non-antiepileptic drug treatments

Vitamin B6

19%

27%

15% †

20% ns,ns

Steroids

11%

21%

5% †

14% ns, ns

Ketogenic diet

6%

0%

7% †

13% †,ns

Intravenous Immunoglobulin

3%

1%

3% ns

7% ns,ns

Vagal Nerve Stimulator

3%

0%

4% ns

6% ns,ns

  1. †p < = 0.0001
  2. For each treatment listed, statistical comparisons were made between the clinical seizure group and the control group (superscript after the clinical seizure percentage), the subclinical seizure group and the control group (1st superscript after the subclinical seizure percentage) and between the clinical and subclinical seizure group (2nd superscript after the subclinical seizure percentage). There are 18 treatments and 3 comparisons for each treatments resulting in 54 comparisons. The Bonferroni correction results in an alpha of 0.05/54 = 0.0009, so we have set the alpha to p < = 0.0001 to be conservative.