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Table 4 Retention and outcomes for HIV-infected children in the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy in Zambia, by year of enrollment

From: Secular trends in pediatric antiretroviral treatment programs in rural and urban Zambia: a retrospective cohort study

 

First Year

N (%)

Second Year

N (%)

Third Year

N (%)

Fourth Year

N (%)

p-trenda

Urban

n = 119

n = 133

n = 87

N = 97

 

At ART initiation

     

   Age (yrs): Med (IQR)

7.4 (3.6, 10.6)

6.8 (3.0, 9.7)

7.0 (3.7, 9.9)

6.0 (2.4, 9.1)

0.21

   CD4%: Med (IQR)

8.8 (4.8, 12.7)

11.6 (6.8, 17.5)

11.4 (7.1, 16.0)

12.8 (9.0, 18.6)

<0.0001

Missing

11 (9.2)

17 (12.8)

4 (4.6)

3 (3.1)

 

At 6 months

     

   Still receiving care

90 (75.6)

104 (78.2)

67 (77.0)

86 (88.7)

0.03

   Death

8 (6.7)

12 (9.0)

3 (3.5)

0 (0.0)

0.009

   Transferred

7 (5.9)

7 (5.3)

7 (5.1)

4 (4.1)

0.81

   Defaulted

14 (11.8)

10 (7.5)

10 (11.5)

7 (7.2)

0.44

   Immunologic outcome

N = 49 (54.4)b

N = 67 (64.4)

N = 47 (70.2)

N = 33 (38.4)

 

CD4%: Med (IQR)

22.7 (15.9, 27.8)

24.5 (19.7, 33.1)

22.7 (16.0, 28.5)

26.7 (22.4, 31.8)

0.15

Change in CD4%: Med (IQR)c

12.4 (8.1, 15.9)

13.3 (9.1, 17.7)

10.3 (4.2, 14.3)

12.8 (6.7, 16.6)

0.24

   Clinical outcome

N = 48 (53.3)b

N = 74 (71.2)

N = 49 (73.1)

N = 35 (40.7)

 

WAZ < -2

18 (37.5)

32 (43.2)

21 (42.9)

11 (31.4)

0.65

Rural

n = 19

n = 39

n = 71

  

At ART initiation

     

   Age (yrs): Med (IQR)

8.1 (3.4, 10.1)

6.5 (1.9, 10.7)

3.1 (1.7, 7.3)

 

0.03

   CD4%: Med (IQR)

9.0 (9.0, 9.0)

11.8 (8.0, 16.0)

13.7 (9.5, 18.4)

 

0.23

Missing

18 (94.7)

13 (33.3)

27 (38.0)

  

At 6 months

     

   Still receiving care

16 (84.2)

31 (79.5)

51 (71.8)

 

0.21

   Death

2 (10.5)

5 (12.8)

9 (12.7)

 

0.84

   Transferred

1 (5.3)

2 (5.1)

3 (4.2)

 

0.81

   Defaulted

0 (0.0)

1 (2.6)

8 (11.3)

 

0.04

   Immunologic outcome

N = 4 (25.0)b

N = 13 (41.9)

N = 20 (39.2)

  

CD4%: Med (IQR)

12.1 (10.6, 28.8)

19.4 (14.4, 33.1)

25.9 (18.2, 32.9)

 

0.22

Change in CD4%: Med (IQR)c

3.4 (3.4, 3.4)

7.7 (-2.4, 20.0)

12.6 (4.9, 21.0)

 

0.29

   Clinical outcome

N = 12 (75.0)b

N = 18 (58.1)

N = 32 (62.8)

  

WAZ < -2

8 (66.7)

10 (55.6)

16 (50.0)

 

0.33

  1. ART: antiretroviral therapy; WAZ: Weight-for-age z-score (only for children younger than 10 years); IQR: interquartile range
  2. a p-trend calculated from Mantel-Haenszel χ2 for categorical variables and Cuzick's non-parametric test for trend for continuous variable.
  3. b Numbers in parentheses represent the proportion of those receiving care at 6 months for whom a measure is available
  4. c Samples sizes are smaller than indicated due to missing data at ART initiation