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Table 1 Characteristics at initial evaluation at an HIV clinic in Lusaka, Zambia, by year of enrollment

From: Secular trends in pediatric antiretroviral treatment programs in rural and urban Zambia: a retrospective cohort study

 

First Year

N (%)

Second Year

N (%)

Third Year

N (%)

Fourth Year

N (%)

p-trenda

All children

n = 206

n = 146

n = 114

n = 122

 

Age (yrs): Median (IQR)

6.9 (3.4, 10.0)

5.9 (2.5, 9.4)

5.6 (2.5, 9.1)

5.5 (1.8, 10.3)

0.12

   < 1

12 (5.8)

4 (2.7)

5 (4.4)

13 (10.7)

0.14

   1-1.9

25 (12.1)

23 (15.8)

17 (14.9)

20 (16.4)

 

   2-4.9

45 (21.8)

34 (23.3)

30 (26.3)

21 (17.2)

 

   5-9.9

70 (34.0)

57 (39.0)

38 (33.3)

37 (30.3)

 

   ≥ 10

54 (26.2)

28 (19.2)

24 (21.1)

31 (25.4)

 

Male sex

111 (54.2)

74 (50.7)

56 (49.6)

64 (52.9)

0.71

Resides in Matero Township

66 (32.2)

51 (35.2)

38 (33.3)

40 (33.1)

0.90

HIV-infected children

n = 199

n = 140

n = 109

n = 114

 

Age (yrs): Median (IQR)

7.1 (3.6, 10.2)

6.4 (2.9, 9.6)

6.0 (3.1, 9.5)

6.1 (2.2, 10.5)

0.24

Male sex

107 (54.0)

72 (51.4)

55 (50.9)

61 (53.5)

0.84

Self-reported history of tuberculosis

81 (42.4)

37 (26.6)

32 (30.8)

22 (20.8)

0.0003

   Missing

8 (4.0)

1 (0.7)

5 (4.6)

8 (7.0)

 

WAZ: Median (IQR)

-2.0 (-3.1, -1.0)

-2.5 (-3.8, -1.8)

-1.9 (-3.1, -1.0)

-2.7 (-4.1, -1.5)

 

   Underweight

70 (49.7)

75 (70.1)

38 (48.1)

44 (62.0)

0.34

   Missing

58 (29.1)

33 (23.6)

30 (27.5)

43 (37.7)

 

WHO stage

     

   1

34 (17.3)

7 (5.0)

10 (9.2)

14 (12.3)

<0.0001

   2

82 (41.6)

23 (16.6)

22 (20.2)

19 (16.7)

 

   3 or 4

81 (41.1)

109 (78.4)

77 (70.6)

81 (71.1)

 

   Missing

2 (1.0)

1 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

CD4%: Median (IQR)

11.9 (5.8, 17.5)

13.3 (6.9, 19.4)

13.2 (8.3, 18.8)

15.1 (9.1, 21.9)

0.001

   Missing

24 (12.1)

13 (9.3)

4 (3.7)

4 (3.5)

 

   Severe immunodeficiencyb

120 (66.3)

75 (59.1)

66 (62.9)

64 (58.2)

0.22

CD4 count (cells/mm3): Median (IQR)

356 (132, 603)

328 (135, 531)

439 (214, 611)

429 (209, 766)

0.004

   Missing

19 (9.5)

13 (9.3)

4 (3.7)

4 (3.7)

 

   Eligible for ARTc

146 (73.4)

122 (87.1)

92 (84.4)

95 (83.3)

0.02

  1. IQR: interquartile range; WAZ: Weight-for-age z-score (only for children younger than 10 years); WHO: World Health Organization; ART: antiretroviral therapy.
  2. a p-trend calculated from Mantel-Haenszel χ2 for categorical variables and Cuzick's non-parametric test for trend for continuous variables.
  3. b severe immunodeficiency defined by age according to the 2006 World Health Organization guidelines.
  4. c determined retrospectively based on the WHO guidelines in effect at the time of the initial evaluation
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