Table 2 Unadjusted associations between 6-month exclusive breastfeeding and potential predictors
From: Prevalence and predictors of 6-month exclusive breastfeeding among Canadian women: a national survey
Sample size N* | Exclusive breast-feeding N* (%) | Unadjusted odds ratio OR (95% CI)† | |
|---|---|---|---|
Household income (Canadian dollar) | |||
<$30,000 | 908 | 98 (10.8) | 1 |
$30,000 to less than $60,000 | 1,640 | 194 (11.8) | 1.11 (0.84-1.47) |
$60,000 to less than $100,000 | 1,657 | 231 (13.9) | 1.35 (1.02-1.77) |
≥ $100,000 | 1,052 | 213 (20.2) | 2.11 (1.60-2.79) |
Place of residence | |||
Rural area | 973 | 129 (13.3) | 1 |
Urban, population ≤ 499,999 | 1,976 | 247 (12.5) | 0.93 (0.75-1.17) |
Urban, population ≥ 500,000 | 2,436 | 363 (14.9) | 1.15 (0.92-1.43) |
Immigrant mother | |||
No | 4,334 | 559 (12.9) | 1 |
Yes | 1,239 | 207 (16.7) | 1.36 (1.12-1.64) |
Marital status | |||
No partner | 473 | 27 (5.7) | 1 |
Have a partner | 5,105 | 743 (14.6) | 2.79 (1.86-4.18) |
Moms perceived health | |||
Excellent/very good | 4,022 | 596 (14.8) | 2.11 (1.30-3.43) |
Good | 1,274 | 154 (12.1) | 1.67 (0.99-2.80) |
Poor/Fair | 304 | 23 (7.6) | 1 |
Reaction when discovered pregnancy | |||
Very happy/happy | 5,184 | 722 (13.9) | 1 |
Indifferent | 238 | 27 (11.3) | 0.78 (0.50-1.21) |
Very unhappy/Unhappy | 164 | 21 (12.8) | 0.89 (0.54-1.48) |
Smoking during pregnancy | |||
No | 4,982 | 740 (14.9) | 3.15 (2.12-4.68) |
Yes | 607 | 32 (5.3) | 1 |
Alcohol drinking during pregnancy | |||
No | 4,982 | 677 (13.6) | 0.82 (0.64-1.06) |
Yes | 586 | 94 (16.0) | 1 |
Health problems during pregnancy | |||
No | 4,232 | 610 (14.4) | 1.23 (1.01-1.50) |
Yes | 1,365 | 164 (12.0) | 1 |
Support during pregnancy | |||
None/Little of time | 289 | 37 (12.8) | 0.92 (0.61-1.40) |
Some of the time | 448 | 69 (15.4) | 1.14 (0.86-1.52) |
Most/All of time | 4,846 | 666 (13.7) | 1 |
Attended prenatal classes | |||
No | 3,770 | 520 (13.8) | 1 |
Yes | 1,830 | 253 (13.8) | 1.00 (0.85-1.18) |
Prenatal care provider | |||
Non-physician | 397 | 102 (25.7) | 2.34 (1.81-3.02) |
Physician | 5,175 | 668 (12.9) | 1 |
Type of setting of baby's birth | |||
Hospital or clinic | 5,485 | 728 (13.3) | 1 |
Birthing centre | 43 | 7 (16.3) | 1.22 (0.44-3.39) |
Private home | 71 | 37 (52.1) | 7.13 (4.24-11.98) |
Type of delivery | |||
Vaginal | 4,146 | 605 (14.6) | 1.31 (1.08-1.58) |
Caesarean | 1,456 | 168 (11.5) | 1 |
Baby's admission to NICU | |||
No | 4,875 | 711 (14.6) | 1.83 (1.38-2.44) |
Yes | 722 | 62 (8.6) | 1 |
Baby's hospitalization after birth | |||
No | 5,167 | 727 (14.1) | 1.46 (1.03-2.07) |
Yes | 432 | 44 (10.2) | 1 |
Mother's work status <6 months of delivery | |||
No | 5,084 | 715 (14.1) | 1.30 (0.97-1.74) |
Yes | 491 | 55 (11.2%) | 1 |
Support after birth | |||
None/Little of time | 322 | 61 (18.9) | 1.50 (1.07-2.09) |
Some of the time | 583 | 80 (13.7) | 1.02 (0.77-1.33) |
Most/All of time | 4,687 | 633 (13.5) | 1 |
Province‡ | |||
Eastern- Atlantic | 323 | 28 (8.7) | 1 |
Eastern- Central | 3,523 | 448 (12.7) | 1.52 (1.21-1.91) |
Western- Prairies | 1,056 | 163 (15.4) | 1.89 (1.46-2.45) |
Western- British Columbia | 668 | 128 (19.2) | 2.46 (1.83-3.30) |
Northern territories | 33 | 7 (21.2) | 2.69 (2.06-3.53) |
Unadjusted Mean difference§ (95% CI)† | |||
Mother's education level (years) | 5,538 | 1.20 (0.97-0.43) | |
Age at first pregnancy (years) | 5,527 | 1.88 (1.47-2.29) | |
Number of past pregnancies | 5,581 | 0.16 (0.04-0.28) | |
Mother's age at selected birth (years) | 5,581 | 2.04 (1.67-2.41) | |
Weight gained during pregnancy (Kg) | 5,535 | -0.41 (-0.94-0.12) | |
BMI before pregnancy (Kg/m2) | 5,508 | -0.90 (-1.31--0.48) | |
Infant's birth weight (grams) | 5,590 | 44.39 (0.05-0.30) | |
Gestational age (weeks) | 5,419 | 0.17 (0.95-87.84) | |
Number of stressful events | 5,556 | -0.23 (-0.33--0.12) | |
Number of prenatal visits | 5,364 | -0.07 (-0.41-0.27) | |
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale | 5,529 | -0.28 (-0.63-0.08) | |