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Hannah Prentice, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, UK
Editorial Quality Editor
Didem Sanver, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, UK
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Harshal Dhondge, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Nikhil Ghate, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Akshay Ravindra Joshi, PhD, MPhil, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Rajasree K P, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Raunaq Singh Nagi, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Noohi Nasim, PhD, Springer Nature, India
Vaishnavi Nimbalkar, MSc, Springer Nature, India
Pranitha Pandit, PhD, MPhil, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Priya Sharma, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Varsha Shetty, PhD, Springer Nature, India
Neha Tiwari, PhD, M.Tech, B.Tech, Springer Nature, India
Pratibha Verma, PhD, MSc, BSc, Springer Nature, India
Senior Editorial Board Members
Elizabeth Asztalos, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
Diana L. Cousminer, GSK, USA
Lorenzo Iughetti, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Italy
Paolo Montaldo, Imperial College London, UK
Editorial Board Members
Ibtihal Abdelgadir, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
Samuel Adegoke, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Girdhar Agarwal, University of Lucknow, India
Ricardo Agostinete, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
Manar Al-lawama, The University of Jordan, Jordan
Abdullah Al-Taiar, Old Dominion University, USA
Daniel Alonso-Alconada, University of the Basque Country, Spain
Eyad Altamimi, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
Claudia Alves, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Sachit Anand, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Nattachai Anantasit, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
Gaston Arnolda, Macquarie University, Australia
Harbir Arora, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
Nicoleta Arva, MD, PhD, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
Emma Ashworth, PhD, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Tommaso Aversa, University of Messina, Italy
Amir Babiker, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Robert D Baker, University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, USA
Daynia Ballot, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Demeke Belay, PhD student, Charles Darwin University, Australia
Jaime Bernal, MD, Ph.D., Sinu University, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Vineet Bhandari, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, USA
Kaushik Bose, Vidyasagar University, India
Andras Bratincsak, MD, University of Hawai‘i and John A. Burns School of Medicine, USA
Giulia Brindisi, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Claudia Brogna, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, ASL Avellino, Italy
Nora Bruns, MD, PhD, University Hospital Essen, Department of Pediatrics I, Germany
Ayla Akca Caglar, associate professor, Gazi Univercity Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
Valeria Calcaterra, University of Pavia and Fond, Italy
Ana Cristina Camargos, Ph.D, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ana Carlotti, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Marco Carotenuto, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
Natalie Carvalho, University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Australia
Salvatore Cazzato, G. Salesi Children’s Hospital, Italy
Merih Cetinkaya, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
Semra Çetinkaya, University of Health Sciences, Turkey
Ela Chakkarapani, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Ling-Sai Chang, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Nagendra Chaudhary, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Nepal
Deepak Chawla, Government Medical College Hospital, India
Tai-Heng Chen, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
Ling-Wei Chen, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Fu-Sheng Chou, Kaiser Permanente Riverside Medical Center, USA
Bianca Laura Cinicola, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Alessandra Consales, MD, University of Milan, Italy
Domenico Corica, Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Italy
Christopher Course, MBBCh MRCPCH, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
Sherry Courtney, MD, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
Laura Cowley, Swansea University, United Kingdom
Fredrick Dapaah-Siakwan, MD, Valley Children’s Healthcare, USA
Domenico Umberto De Rose, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Italy
Maria Di Cicco, University of Pisa, Italy
Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
Valeria Dipasquale, University of Messina, Italy
Keyur Donda, University of South Florida (USF), USA
Sarah Douglas, PhD, Michigan State University, United States
João Pedro Duarte, University of Coimbra, Portugal
Doaa El Amrousy, MD, Tanta University, Egypt
Louis Ehwerhemuepha, PhD, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
Ralph Epaud, Centre intercommunal de Créteil, France
Raffaele Falsaperla, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria ”Policlinico- Vittorio Emanuele”, Italy
Chengming Fan, Second Xiangya Hospital, Sentral South University, China
Giovanni Farello, University of L’Aquila, Italy
Giuliana Ferrante, University of Verona, Italy
Michael Fleming, PhD, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Junfen Fu, The Children’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Kazumichi Fujioka, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
Samasca Gabriel, PhD, Iuliu Hatieganu University, Romania
Reema Garegrat, DM, MRCPCH, Imperial College London, UK
Anelise Gaya, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Yi-Jin Gao, M.D., Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Laxmi Ghimire, University of California, San Francisco(UCSF), USA
Maria Lorella Giannì, University of Milan, Italy
Eloisa Gitto, University of Messina, Italy
Gwendolyn Gramer, University Hospital Heidelberg, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Germany
Guilherme Guaragna-Filho, PhD, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Wan-liang Guo, Ph D, MD, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
Mohammad Haider, Kuwait University, Kuwait
Mohamed Hendaus, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar
Valeria Hirschler, Durand Hospital, Argentina
Jan Hulscher, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
Dominicus Husada, MD, Pediatrician, PhD., Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia
Juliana Jalaludin, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Kana Ram Jat, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Mizu Jiang, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Euiseok Jung, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, South Korea
Jaak Jürimäe, University of Tartu, Estonia
Cemşit Karakurt, Inonu University, Turkey
Ageliki Karatza, University of Patras Medical school, Greece
Shubhi Kaushik, Iachn School of Medicine, USA
Ashish KC, Uppsala University, Sweden
Arati Khanna-Gupta, Consortium of Rare Genetic and Bone Marrow Failure Disorders (CRGBMD) at NITTE University, India
Erwin Khoo, International Medical University, Malaysia
Magd Kotb, Cairo University, Egypt
Panayiotis Kouis, University of Cyprus, Cyprus
Panagiotis Kratimenos, Children’s National Medical Center, USA
Gurinder Kumar, MD, Metrohealth Medical Center, United States
Ho-Chang Kuo, Kawasaki Disease Center, Taiwan
Bankole Kuti, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Man Ki Kwok, The University of Hong Kong, China
Jan Hau Lee, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
Beom Hee Lee, Asian Medical Centre Children's Hospital, South Korea
Kyung-Yil Lee, The Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
Nicole Letourneau, PhD, University of Calgary, Canada
Ming-Chih Lin, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
Xiaokun Lin, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
Nadia Liotto, University of Milan, Italy
Patryk Lipinski, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Lorenzo Loffredo, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy
Ana Isabel Lopes, Medical School, University of Lisbon; University Hospital Santa Maria, LIsbon Academic Medical Center, Portugal
Chan Lu, PhD, Central South University, China
Licia Lugli, University-Hospital of Modena, Italy
Priyanka Madaan, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Silvia Martini, PhD, University of Bologna, Italy
Pierluigi Marzuillo, PhD, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
Felipe Matsushita, MD, Ph.D., Heart Institute of Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil
Mumtaz M Mazicioglu, Erciyes University, Turkey
Martina Maria Mensi, Assistant Professor, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Italy
Sachith Mettananda, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
kotb Metwalley, Pediatric Department -Faculty of Medicine- Assiut University, Egypt
Laila Metwally, Zagazig University, Egypt
Gregorio Paolo Milani, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
Rebecca Mitchell, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Australia
Christian Mpody, MD, PhD, MPH, MBA, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA
Romina Moavero, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy
Khaled Mohammed, MD, University of Minnesota, USA
Pritish Mondal, Penn State College of Medicine, USA
Carla Moreira, University of Porto, Portugal
Daniela Morniroli, MD, PhD, University of Milan, Italy
Karthi Nallasamy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
Giovanni Di Nardo, PhD, Sapienza University of Rome - Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Italy
Moses Ngari, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kenya
Åsa Norman, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
Herbert Obu, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
Folafoluwa Odetola, University of Michigan, USA
Ifeanyichukwu O. Okike, St George's University of London, UK
Suzan Omar Mousa, MD, Minia University, Egypt
Fengxiu Ouyang, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
Sauli Palmu, MD, PhD, Tampere University, Finland
Cihan Papan, Saarland University, Germany
John Pappachan, Southampton Childrens Hospital, UK
Narendrasinh Parmar, East Tennessee Children's Hospital, USA
Prajwal Paudel, Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Nepal
Melanie Penner, MSc, MD, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Canada
João Pereira, Lusófona University, Portugal
Zenon Pogorelić, PhD, University Hospital of Split, Croatia
Himanshu Popat, University of Sydney and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Australia
Colin Powell, Sidra Medicine, Qatar
Barbara Predieri, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
Giulia Purpura, PhD, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy
Raymond Quigley, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA
Dimitrios Rallis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Jerome Rambaud, Sorbonne University, France
Aishworiya Ramkumar, MBBS, MMed, MCI, National University Health System, Singapore
Wafaa Rashed, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt
Cézane Priscila Reuter, University of Santa Cruz do Sul - UNISC, Brazil
Ayelet Rimon, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
Domenico Roberti, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Italy
Celestino Rodriguez, University of Oviedo, Spain
Claudio Romano, University of Messina, Italy
Domenico Romeo, PhD, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, Italy
Alessandro Rossi, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
Heba Sabbagh, associate Professor, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Kourosh Sabri, McMaster University, Canada
Emma Sacks, George Washington University, USA
Yasin Sahin, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Turkey
Kazuyoshi Saito, Fujita Health University, Japan
Efstratios Saliakellis, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, and University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
Hannes Sallmon, University Medical Center Berlin, Germany
Beata Sarecka-Hujar, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
Rohit Sasidharan, MD, DM Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Ulrike Schulze, University of Ulm, Germany
Anna Di Sessa, University Of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Italy
Giuseppina Sgandurra, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris and University of Pisa, Italy
Dheeraj Shah, University College of Medical Sciences, India
Jeffrey Shenberger, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
Sarah Sheppard, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, USA
Yuan Shi, Chongqing Medical University Affiliate Children’s Hospital, China
Rita C Silveira, MD, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Apoorv Singh, MBBS, MCH, Apollo Sage Hospital, India
Jasbir Singh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Ian Sinha, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital/ University of Liverpool, UK
Alexandra Soldatou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Farin Soleimani, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran
Doron Sommer, McMaster University, Canada
In Gyu Song, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea
Giovanni Sotgiu, MD, PhD, University of Sassari, Italy
Tutku Soyer, MD, Hacettepe University, Turkey
Karen Spruyt, Université Paris Cité, INSERM-NeuroDiderot, France
Pradeep Suryawanshi, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College Pune , India
Ajay Talati, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
Simona Tecco, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, I.R.C.C.S. San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
Tamara Tedesco, PhD, Ibirapuera Univerisity, Brazil
Ariel Tenenbaum, Hadassah Ein Kerem Medical Center and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Arun Babu Thirunavukkarasu, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, India
Joseph Ting, University of Alberta, Canada
Gianluca Tornese, PhD, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Italy
Sara Torretta, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy
Meng-Che Tsai, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Hiroo Uchida, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
Lorenzo Ugga, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
Giuseppina Rosaria Umano, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy
Sezin Unal, University of Health Sciences and Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Turkey
João Valente-dos-Santos, Lusófona University, Portugal
Elvis Terci Valera, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Giuliana Valerio, Parthenope UNiversity of Naples, Italy
Vimal Vasu, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, UK
Giovanni Vento, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
Ajay Verma, MBBS, MCh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Florens G.A Versteegh, Netherlands
Charl Verwey, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Ramesh Vidavalur,MBA, Weill Cornell Medicine, USA
Vini Vijayan, Valley Children's Hospital, USA
Alessandro Vittori, MD, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCCS, Italy
Maoshui Wang, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, China
LI Wang, PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon, Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand
Kip Webster, Augusta University, USA
Andrea Wolfler, Istituto G Gaslini, Italy
Hai Ming Wong, General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, China
Kenneth Wong, The University of Hong Kong, China
Han-Ping Wu, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Feifan Xiao, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
Sıddıka Songül Yalçın, Hacettepe University, Turkey
Jiayu Yan, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, China
Yang Yang, Children‘s hospital of Nanjing medical university, China
Gözde Yeşil, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Turkey
Cynthia Yiu, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Edna Yokoo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
Akihiro Yoneda, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan
Kamran Yusuf, MD, University of Calgary, Canada
Angela Zanfardino, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Italy
Maggie Zgambo, PhD, Edith Cowan University, Australia
Xueping Zhu, doctoral degree, Children's hospital of soochow university, China
Nukhba Zia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
Sa'ed H Zyoud, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Editorial Advisors
Shally Awasthi, King George's Medical College, India
Paramala Santosh, Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology, Maudsley Hospital, UK
Statistical Advisors
Liliana Orellana, Deakin University, Australia
